How to detect skin cancer (melanoma)

Although enjoying a spot of sunshine is the highlight while on holiday, there are skincare precautions you’ll need to take to help prevent skin cancer.

Cancer Research UK says the most serious type of skin cancer, melanoma, is now at a record high with nearly 17,500 people diagnosed each year in the UK. There’s a particular rise in cases in adults aged 55 and over, rising 195 per cent since the 1990s. Worryingly, it’s estimated that melanoma skin cases could increase by around 50 per cent, across all age groups within the next 20 years.

So what does melanoma look like and how can we prevent it?

What are the signs of skin cancer?

“Visible signs of skin cancer include lumps or patches on the skin, changes in the appearance of moles, or the development of new growths on the skin,” says Catherine Borysiewicz, a dermatologist at King Edward VII’s Hospital, London. “Look for any moles or spots that exhibit irregular borders, uneven colouration, or are larger than the size of a pencil eraser. Additionally, any sores that do not heal or lesions that bleed, itch, or change in size should be monitored closely.”

Other symptoms can include fatigue and weight loss when the skin cancer is in its later stage.

Rashes

Although unpleasant, rashes are normally safe. You may automatically think that a rash could signal skin cancer, but more often than not rashes are caused by autoimmune diseases, allergies, infections or contact with an irritant on your skin.

Some non-cancerous skin conditions such as eczema or psoriasis mimic the appearance of skin cancer and an examination by a dermatologists and potentially additional tests can help distinguish between the two.

“Persistent pain in a skin lesion or an area of the skin can be a potential indicator of skin cancer. Pain associated with skin cancer is typically not the initial symptom, but it can occur as the cancer progresses. If you experience unexplained and prolonged pain in a specific skin area, especially if accompanied by other suspicious signs, it is advisable to consult a dermatologist for further evaluation, “says Borysiewicz.

Non-melanoma skin cancer

The NHS reports that each year there are around 147,000 cases of other types of skin cancer, such as basel cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell skin cancer (SCC). Theuy will often appear in areas that are often exposed to the sun, so most commonly your back, upper shoulders, face, hands and even your ears. You may notice a discoloured patch on your skin or lump that doesn’t go away after a few weeks or months.

Melanoma, which is a more serious form of skin cancer, will often appear as a new mole or a change in one of your existing moles. These moles are often a mix of colours, larger than 6mm wide, unevenly shaped or one that changes colour, size or shape. Factors that can increase your risk of developing melanoma include a family history of skin cancer, a large number of moles, your age or having pale skin.

If I have sunburn am I more at risk of skin cancer?

“Sunburn itself is a sign of skin damage caused by excessive exposure to UV radiation. While it does not directly indicate skin cancer, sunburn can increase your risk of developing skin cancer in the future,” says Borysiewicz. “Therefore, it is important to be more vigilant and use sun protection measures, to minimise the risk of developing skin cancer later on.”

Read about top tips for summer skin from dermatologists

When should I get checked for skin cancer?

“Early detection is crucial in successfully treating skin cancer, so it’s better to be cautious and have any concerning skin abnormalities evaluated by a doctor as soon as possible,” Borysiewicz explained.

How to reduce the risk of skin cancer

It’s important to remember that although we’re more likely to get sunburnt on holiday, the British sun can still be extremely strong so it’s important to take action to prevent skin cancer at home or on holiday. Even a cloudy day in the UK can cause sunburn!

Keep these top tips in mind:

• Stay in the shade between 11am – 3pm when the sun is at it’s hottest.
• Cover up with a t-shirt that covers your shoulders, a hat and sunglasses
• Wear sun cream every day and make sure you reapply frequently, especially if you’re going in the pool!

More information

• If you are concerned about skin cancer, or you have a mole or lump that is changing shape or colour or you have a skin lesion or patch of discolouration that won’t heal, make an appointment to see your GP straight away. (Don’t have a GP?)
• The Kind Edward VII’s Hospital Dermatology Department offers specialised skin cancer treatments including non-surgical treatments and those that minimise skin loss and scarring.